In 1901, Shackleton was chosen to go on the Antarctic expedition led by British naval officer Robert Falcon Scott - Britain's other Antarctic hero - on the ship Discovery. [123] In 1920, tired of the lecture circuit, Shackleton began to consider the possibility of a last expedition. [106] For their journey, the survivors were only equipped with boots they had pushed screws into to act as climbing boots, a carpenter's adze, and 50feet of rope. He joined Capt. Also, members of his team climbed Mount Erebus, the most active Antarctic volcano. Sadly, the expedition was a complete failure. This is the latest accepted revision . He. After landing, Shackleton took part in an experimental balloon flight on 4 February. Beardmore was sufficiently impressed with Shackleton to offer financial support,[c][45] but other donations proved hard to come by. Shackleton was not deterred by his failed attempt with Endurance. After a period of rest and recuperation, rather than risk putting to sea again to reach the whaling stations on the northern coast, Shackleton decided to attempt a land crossing of the island. [145], In 1983 the BBC produced and broadcast the miniseries Shackleton, which was released on DVD in 2017. [51], It was noted that ice conditions were unstable, precluding the establishment of a safe base there. The printed word saw much more attention given to Scotta forty-page booklet on Shackleton, published in 1943 by OUP as part of a "Great Exploits" series, is described by cultural historian Stephanie Barczewski as "a lone example of a popular literary treatment of Shackleton in a sea of similar treatments of Scott". In response to his posted ad, Shackleton was supposedly flooded with 5000 responses, men clamoring to take their chances on the icy southern continent. 2 min read. Where did Ernest Shackleton attend school? [132][133] Macklin wrote in his diary: "I think this is as 'the Boss' would have had it himself, standing lonely in an island far from civilisation, surrounded by stormy tempestuous seas, & in the vicinity of one of his greatest exploits. On 27 November 2011, the ashes of Frank Wild were interred on the right-hand side of Shackleton's gravesite in Grytviken. [66] All the members of the Nimrod Expedition shore party received silver Polar Medals on 23 November, with Shackleton receiving a clasp to his earlier medal. [8] The young Shackleton did not particularly distinguish himself as a scholar, and was said to be "bored" by his studies. [70] Among the ventures which he hoped to promote were a tobacco company,[71] a scheme for selling to collectors postage stamps overprinted "King Edward VII Land" based on Shackleton's appointment as Antarctic postmaster by the New Zealand authorities[72] and the development of a Hungarian mining concession he had acquired near the city of Nagybanya, now part of Romania. The expedition, prevented by ice from reaching the intended base site in Edward VII Peninsula, wintered on Ross Island, McMurdo Sound. Although it is likely that Norwegian whalers had previously crossed at other points on ski, no one had attempted this particular route before. Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. [33] He was in a seriously weakened condition; Wilson's diary entry for 14 January reads: "Shackleton has been anything but up to the mark, and today he is decidedly worse, very short winded and coughing constantly, with more serious symptoms that need not be detailed here but which are of no small consequence one hundred and sixty miles from the ship". Why is Shackleton famous? March 24, 2002. [127] The expedition left England on 24 September 1921. What is Ernest Shackleton best known for? Born on February 15, 1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led a total of three voyages to Antarctica. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Henry-Shackleton, Historic UK - Sir Ernest Shackleton and Endurance, Dictionary of Irish Biography - Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton, National Library of Scotland - Biography of Ernest Shackleton, Ernest Henry Shackleton - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Ernest Shackleton - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Ernest Shackleton's South Pole expedition, British Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition. [153] Shackleton is considered a saint by the God's Gardeners, a fictional religious sect that is the focus of Margaret Atwood's 2009 novel The Year of the Flood.[154]. 2010-02-16 16:39:59. Photograph by Corbis I. He later denied Scott's claim in The Voyage of the Discovery, that he had been carried on the sledge. Event and key to map Time since leaving England Date 8 Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean reach Stromness whaling station 21 months, 12 days May 20th 1916. [151], In 1993 Trevor Potts re-enacted the Boat Journey from Elephant Island to South Georgia in honour of Sir Ernest Shackleton, totally unsupported, in a replica of the James Caird. "[137], Before the return of Shackleton's body to South Georgia, there was a memorial service held for him with full military honours at Holy Trinity Church, Montevideo, and on 2 March a service was held at St Paul's Cathedral, London, at which the King and other members of the royal family were represented. Edgeworth David, reached the area of the south magnetic pole. Educated at Dulwich College (188790), Shackleton entered the mercantile marine service in 1890 and became a sublieutenant in the Royal Naval Reserve in 1901. [27] Scott chose Shackleton to accompany Wilson and himself on the expedition's southern journey, a march southwards to achieve the highest possible latitude in the direction of the South Pole. The Endurance Expedition was a British mission to cross the Antarctic on foot in 1914-17. [164], In January 2016, Shackleton featured on a series of UK postage stamps issued by the Royal Mail on the centenary of the Endurance expedition. They sailed from London on Friday, August 1, 1914, and anchored off Southend all Saturday. [149] Shackleton has also been cited as a model leader by the US Navy, and in a textbook on Congressional leadership, Peter L Steinke calls Shackleton the archetype of the "nonanxious leader" whose "calm, reflective demeanor becomes the antibiotic warning of the toxicity of reactive behaviour". by Jessica Brain. [69] The reality was that the expedition had left Shackleton deeply in debt, unable to meet the financial guarantees he had given to backers. Over a century after it sank to the depths of the Weddell Sea off the coast of Antarctica, the lost ship of Anglo Irish explorer Ernest Shackleton has been found. Although some of his former crew members had not received all their pay from the Endurance expedition, many of them signed on with their former "Boss". Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Shackleton suffered frostbitten fingers as a result. What did Lord Davis do in the Antarctic? Shackleton served in the British army during World War I and served as a military advisor in the multinational North Russia Expeditionary Force during the Russian Civil War. [8] However, Shackleton took lifelong pride in his Irish roots, and frequently declared, "I am an Irishman". Shackleton was then briefly involved in a mission to Spitzbergen to establish a British presence there under guise of a mining operation. [105], On the following day, they were able, finally, to land on the unoccupied southern shore. He still harboured thoughts of returning south, even though in September 1910, having recently moved with his family to Sheringham in Norfolk, he wrote to Emily: "I am never again going South and I have thought it all out and my place is at home now". There is a legend that Shackleton posted an advertisement which emphasised the hardship and danger of the voyage, so that he could better narrow down and select candidates for his expedition, but no record of any such advertisement has survived and its existence is considered doubtful. Why did Earnest Shackleton go to Antarctica? Partly this was in search of better professional prospects for the newly qualified doctor, but another factor may have been unease about their Anglo-Irish ancestry, following the assassination by Irish nationalists of Lord Frederick Cavendish, the British Chief Secretary for Ireland, in 1882. All episodes. Unlike the Arctic ice, which is frozen over the Arctic ocean, Antarctica is also a. [14] Following the outbreak of the Boer War in 1899, Shackleton transferred to the troopship Tintagel Castle where, in March 1900, he met an army lieutenant, Cedric Longstaff, whose father Llewellyn W. Longstaff was the main financial backer of the National Antarctic Expedition then being organised in London. Although he'd been sent home from the trip due to ill health, Shackleton vowed to return to the Antarctic and prove himself as a polar . Consequently, Shackleton decided to risk an open-boat journey to the 720-nautical-mile-distant South Georgia whaling stations, where he knew help was available. The march was, Scott wrote later, "a combination of success and failure". On the Endurance, the second in command was the experienced explorer Frank Wild. A sledging party, led by Shackleton, reached within 97 nautical miles (112 statute miles or 180 km) of the South Pole, and another, under T.W. [88], On 24 February, realising that she would be trapped until the following spring, Shackleton ordered the abandonment of ship's routine and her conversion to a winter station. He was a key figure of the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. Proposing a toast to the explorer at a lunch given in Shackleton's honour by the Royal Societies Club, Lord Halsbury, a former Lord Chancellor, said: "When one remembers what he had gone through, one does not believe in the supposed degeneration of the British race. Shackleton's mind turned to a project that had been announced, and then abandoned, by the British explorer William Speirs Bruce, for a continental crossing, from a landing in the Weddell Sea, via the South Pole to McMurdo Sound. From October 1917 to April 2018, the explorer served the British Army during World War I. When did Ernest Shackleton reach Antarctica? [120] Shackleton returned to England in early March 1919, full of plans for the economic development of Northern Russia. Shackleton travelled there to join Aurora, and sailed with her to the rescue of the Ross Sea party. Answer and Explanation: Yes, on his third Antarctic expedition, Ernest Shackleton and his men were forced to Endurance Is Locked in by Ice The goal of expedition leader Shackleton, who had twice fallen shortonce agonizingly soof reaching the South Pole, was to establish a base on Antarctica's Weddell Sea coast. In January 1908 he returned to Antarctica as leader of the British Antarctic (Nimrod) Expedition (190709). (, Shackleton stood as political candidate in Dundee but finished fourth of five candidates, with 3,865 votes to the victor's 9,276. [126] On 16 September 1921, Shackleton recorded a farewell address on a sound-on-film system created by Harry Grindell Matthews, who claimed it was the first "talking picture" ever made. According to Macklin's own account, Macklin told him he had been overdoing things and should try to "lead a more regular life", to which Shackleton answered: "You are always wanting me to give up things, what is it I ought to give up?" He was planning to cross it. Like many great tales, Shackleton's story is one of failure. This party would then lay supply depots across the Great Ice Barrier as far as the Beardmore Glacier; these depots would hold the food and fuel that would enable Shackleton's party to complete their journey of 1,800 miles (2,900km) across the continent. [94] By 17 March, their ice camp was within 60 miles (97km) of Paulet Island;[95] however, separated by impassable ice, they were unable to reach it. [113][114] In October 1917, he was sent to Buenos Aires to boost British propaganda in South America. [124] The goals of the venture were imprecise, but a circumnavigation of the Antarctic continent and investigation of some "lost" sub-Antarctic islands, such as Tuanaki, were mentioned as objectives.[126]. Despite his assurances to Emily that "we are practically sure of the contract", nothing came of this scheme. Ernest Shackleton never did reach the South Pole or cross Antarctica. Sadly, Shackleton died of a heart attack, one month shy of his 48th birthday while moored in South Georgia. [73], None of these enterprises prospered, and his main source of income was his earnings from lecture tours. The crew escaped by camping on the sea ice until it disintegrated, then by launching the lifeboats to reach Elephant Island and ultimately South Georgia Island, a stormy ocean voyage of 720 nautical miles (1,330km; 830mi) and Shackleton's most famous exploit. Go on a trip C. Get an assistant 15 1.5 22.5 . At the same time, attitudes towards Scott were gradually changing as a more critical note was sounded in the literature, culminating in Roland Huntford's 1979 treatment of him in his dual biography Scott and Amundsen, described by Barczewski as a "devastating attack". [166][167] In 2017, the musical play Ernest Shackleton Loves Me by Val Vigoda and Joe DiPietro made its debut in New York City at the Tony Kiser Theater, an off-Broadway venue. he wanted to go to antarctica for a little trip but in the end his boat got crushed by pack ice. [56] Their return journey to McMurdo Sound was a race against starvation, on half-rations for much of the way. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. He planned to cross Antarctica from a base on the Weddell Sea to McMurdo Sound, via the South Pole, but the expedition ship Endurance was trapped in ice off the Caird coast and drifted for 10 months before being crushed in the pack ice. The attempt this week to find Sir Ernest Shackleton's missing ship, the Endurance, has ended - without success. It was led by Robert Falcon Scott, a Royal Navy torpedo lieutenant lately promoted commander,[18] and had objectives that included scientific and geographical discovery. At 47 years old, Shackleton was on his fourth journey to Antarctica, and the third he had led. Shackleton and his party set fire to the camp to signal the ship, which received the signal and returned to the camp a few days later, successfully retrieving them. In August,1914, Ernest Shackleton led a team to Antarctica. He was one of the principal figures of the period known as the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration. This disparity continued into the 1950s. (, This expedition took place under Mawson, without Shackleton's participation, as the, Filchner was able to bring back geographical information that would be of much use to Shackleton, including the discovery of a possible landing site at, Churchill sent Shackleton a one-word telegram on 3 August, Officer of the Order of the British Empire, List of personnel of the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition, "Endurance: Shackleton's lost ship is found in Antarctic", "At the Bottom of an Icy Sea, One of History's Great Wrecks Is Found", "Ernest Shackleton's ship Endurance, which sank in 1915 near Antarctica, has been found", Sir Ernest Shackleton: Funeral Ceremony In South Georgia: Many Wreaths On Coffin, Shackleton's Last Voyage: the Story of the Quest, "Polar explorer Ernest Shackleton may have had hole in his heart, doctors say", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", "Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry of 14 Milnethorpe-road, Eastbourne, knight", "Reliving Shackleton's Epic Endurance Expedition", "Ernest Shackleton Honoured with Birthday Google Doodle", "Team sets out to recreate Shackleton's epic journey", "Sir Ernest Shackleton medals raise 585,000 at auction", "Elation for Adelaide adventurer Tim Jarvis as epic Antarctic trek ends", "Polar Explorer vs. Scottish jute magnate Sir James Caird gave 24,000, Midlands industrialist Frank Dudley Docker gave 10,000, and tobacco heiress Janet Stancomb-Wills gave an undisclosed but reportedly "generous" sum. Robert Falcon Scotts British National Antarctic (Discovery) Expedition (190104) as third lieutenant and took part, with Scott and Edward Wilson, in the sledge journey over the Ross Ice Shelf when latitude 821633 S was reached. Ernest Shackleton took Spratt's on his Nimrod (1907-1909) and Endurance (1914-1917) expeditions, where they were part of a doggy diet that also included seal meat, blubber, biscuits and pemmican, a high-energy mix of fat and protein. In 1915, the Endurance was. The great polar explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton never achieved his goal of traversing the continent of Antarctica, but is remembered these days for something more extraordinary. Appointment to a military expedition to Murmansk obliged him to return home again, before departing for northern Russia. [101] McNish had clashed with Shackleton during the time when the party was stranded on the ice, but, while Shackleton did not forget the carpenter's earlier insubordination, Shackleton recognised his value for this particular job. Born in Kilkea, County Kildare, Ireland, Shackleton and his Anglo-Irish family[1] moved to Sydenham in suburban south London when he was ten. Earnest Shackleton first went to. Filchner had left Bremerhaven in May 1911; in December 1912, the news arrived from South Georgia that his expedition had failed. [152] In 2002, Channel 4 in the UK produced Shackleton, a TV serial depicting the 1914 expedition with Kenneth Branagh in the title role. [155] That same year, on the date of what would have been Shackleton's 137th birthday, Google honoured him with a Google Doodle. Why is Ernest Shackleton famous? [15], The British National Antarctic Expedition, known as the Discovery expedition after the ship Discovery, was the brainchild of Sir Clements Markham, president of the Royal Geographical Society, and had been many years in preparation. When Shackleton returned to England in May 1917, Europe was in the midst of the First World War. King Edward VII received him on 10 July and raised him to a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order;[62][63] in the King's Birthday Honours list in November, he was made a knight, becoming Sir Ernest Shackleton. See answer (1) Best Answer. "[34] There is no corroboration of Armitage's story. "; and men, provisions and equipment were transferred to camps on the ice. Repeatedly requesting posting to the front in France,[112] he was by now drinking heavily. Sir Ernest Henry Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer of Antarctica who attempted to reach the South Pole. Scott's . Emily Shackleton later recorded: "The only comment he made to me about not reaching the Pole was 'a live donkey is better than a dead lion, isn't it?' Antarctic explorer Ernest Shackleton's century-old whisky has been retrieved. Abraham Shackleton, an English Quaker, moved to Ireland in 1726 and started a school at Ballitore, County Kildare. [61], On Shackleton's return home, public honours were quickly forthcoming. Corrections? The return of the sun after 92 days. They did whatever they could. [42] He also ventured into politics, unsuccessfully standing in the 1906 General Election as the Liberal Unionist Party's candidate for Dundee constituency in opposition to Irish Home Rule. [59], In 1910, Shackleton made a series of three recordings describing the expedition using an Edison phonograph. In 1901 he got a place on Captain Robert Falcon Scott 's first Antarctic expedition. [7], In 1880, when Ernest was six, Henry Shackleton gave up his life as a landowner to study medicine at Trinity College, Dublin (TCD), moving his family to the city. [139], During the ensuing decades Shackleton's status as a polar hero was generally outshone by that of Captain Scott, whose polar party had by 1925 been commemorated on more than 30 monuments in Britain alone, including stained glass windows, statues, busts and memorial tablets. [101] Ship's carpenter Harry McNish made various improvements, including raising the sides, strengthening the keel, building a makeshift deck of wood and canvas, and sealing the work with oil paint and seal blood.[101]. A little Ernest Shackleton background. [51] Nimrod arrived at McMurdo Sound on 29 January, but was stopped by ice 16 miles (26km) north of Discovery's old base at Hut Point. April 24th 1916 - Shackleton and 5 others set off in the James Caird for South Georgia.Sir Ernest Shackleton, Endurance Voyage. "Chiefly alcohol, Boss", replied Macklin. The party was forced to ride out the storm offshore, in constant danger of being dashed against the rocks. Other crew included James, Hussey, Greenstreet, a carpenter Harry McNish, and a biologist named Clark. Shackleton's first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on Captain Robert Falcon Scott's Discovery expedition of 19011904, from which he was sent home early on health grounds, after he and his companions Scott and Edward Adrian Wilson set a new southern record by marching to latitude 82S. [110] The Yelcho took the crew first to Punta Arenas and after some days to Valparaiso in Chile where crowds warmly welcomed them back to civilisation. The sledging party returned to the base camp in late February 1909, but they discovered that the Nimrod had set sail some two days earlier. Leaving McNish, Vincent and McCarthy at the landing point on South Georgia, Shackleton travelled 32 miles (51km)[97] with Worsley and Crean over extremely dangerous mountainous terrain for 36hours to reach the whaling station at Stromness on 20 May. On 24 October, water began pouring in. Ernest Henry Shackleton British Antarctic Expedition (1907-09) When Ernest Shackleton arrived back in England on 12 June 1903, he found that Scott's 1901-04 expedition, from which had been virtually sacked, was a controversial subject. [82] Shackleton also loosened some traditional hierarchies to promote camaraderie, such as distributing the ship's chores equally among officers, scientists, and seamen. His health suffered, and he was removed from duty and sent home on the supply ship Morning in March 1903. [101] The strongest of the tiny 20-foot (6.1m) lifeboats, christened James Caird after the expedition's chief sponsor, was chosen for the trip. [146] In 2001 Margaret Morrell and Stephanie Capparell presented Shackleton as a model for corporate leadership in their book Shackleton's Way: Leadership Lessons from the Great Antarctic Explorer. Mrs Chippy was shot when the Endurance sank, due to the belief that he would not have survived the ordeal that followed. [91] On 21 November 1915, the wreck finally slipped beneath the surface. [19], Although Discovery was not a Royal Navy unit, Scott required the crew, officers and scientific staff to submit to the conditions of the Naval Discipline Act, and the ship and expedition were run on Royal Navy lines. A few moments later, at 2:50a.m. on 5 January 1922, Shackleton suffered a fatal heart attack. Born on February 15, 1874 - Sir Ernest Shackleton was an Anglo-Irish explorer who led a total of three voyages to Antarctica. Shackleton and. The third option was chosen. After a medical examination (which proved inconclusive),[34] Scott decided to send Shackleton home on the relief ship Morning, which had arrived in McMurdo Sound in January 1903. The story has been told and retold, and the. Copy. [11], Shackleton's restlessness at school was such that he was allowed to leave at 16 and go to sea. [115] He returned home in April 1918. But on January 5, 1922, he died of a heart attack off South Georgia and was buried on the island. [69] Fridtjof Nansen sent an effusive private letter to Emily Shackleton, praising the "unique expedition which has been such a complete success in every respect". [107], The next successful crossing of South Georgia was in October 1955, by the British explorer Duncan Carse, who travelled much of the same route as Shackleton's party. Led by explorer and environmental scientist Tim Jarvis, the team was assembled at the request of Alexandra Shackleton, Sir Ernest's granddaughter, who felt the trip would honour her grandfather's legacy. On his return to England, Shackleton was knighted and was made a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order. [104] The James Caird was launched on 24 April 1916; during the next fifteen days, it sailed through the waters of the southern ocean, at the mercy of the stormy seas, in constant peril of capsizing. Scott wrote: "He ought not to risk further hardship in his present state of health. [15], Shackleton used his acquaintance with the son to obtain an interview with Longstaff senior, with a view to obtaining a place on the expedition. The goal was ambitious - audacious even, considering that only 10 men had ever stood at the South Pole and 5 of those had died on the way back. [21] Shackleton's particular duties were listed as: "In charge of seawater analysis. 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