It's both rebellion and conformity that attack you with success. [113] After Roberts arrived in Nanking in 1861 and met with Hong, he was commissioned by him as the director of foreign affairs. In 2000 CCTV produced The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, a 46-episode series about the Taiping Rebellion. Hong's ashes were later blasted out of a cannon in order to ensure that his remains had no resting place as eternal punishment for the uprising. Robert Jackson Bennett, The beginning of love is a horror of emptiness. A would-be scholar named Hong Xiuquan, from the Hakka minority, had tried for years to pass the exacting imperial civil service examinationsbut had failed each time. Weakened severely by internal conflict, an attempted coup, and the failure of the siege of Beijing, the Taipings were defeated by decentralized, provincial armies such as the Xiang Army organized and commanded by Zeng Guofan. STUDIES ON THE POPULATION OF CHINA, 13681953. The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war waged in China over a fourteen-year period in the middle of the nineteenth century. [51] Some of his followers escaped or were released and continued the fight against the Qing. interpretation of Christianity and sought to eliminate rampant corruption, Since the rebellion began in Guangxi, Qing forces allowed no rebels speaking its dialect to surrender. [78], The rebels also manufactured weapons, and imported manufacturing equipment. [17] Banditry became common, and numerous secret societies and self-defense units formed, all of which led to an increase in small-scale warfare. Many Western officials visited the capital of Taiping between 1863 and 1864, and American commissioner Robert Milligan McLane considered granting official recognition of the Taiping government. Ningbo was easily captured on December 9, and Hangzhou was besieged and finally captured on December 31, 1861. Scholars consider it to be the deadliest civil war in the history of the world. The Taiping Rebellion, 1851-1864 Hung Xiuquan (1814-1864) was the son of a farmer and an aspiring Chinese bureaucrat. Because Zhuang communities were integrating with the Han at different rates, a certain amount of friction between the Han and the Zhuang was inevitable, with Zhuang unrest leading to armed uprisings on occasion.[80]. | Contact Us Cambridge: The Hakka Odyssey & their Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992, Purcell, Victor. Very few Taiping rebels, even in the leadership caste, came from the imperial bureaucracy. The Taiping were especially opposed to idolatry, destroying idols wherever found with great prejudice. The damage for China was considerable: 1 million were killed, the capital Upon visiting Nanking, McCartee described the situation in the city as "Dreadful destruction of life." On a VERY general level. While suffering from a fever, Hong learned from a vision that he was the younger brother of Jesus Christand that he had a mission to rid China of Manchu rule and of Confucian ideas. [36][37][38] The Taiping faith, says one historian, "developed into a dynamic new Chinese religion Taiping Christianity". Only a tenth of Taiping-published records survive to this day because they were mostly destroyed by the Qing in an attempt to rewrite the history of the conflict.[109]. Li Bo's Tienkuo: The Heavenly Kingdom takes place within the Taiping capital at Nanjing.[112]. [118] According to Clarke, this refusal of cooperation and Taiping's occupation of Ningpo in December led to the limited intervention against the rebellion by the British and French in the following years. Book details & editions. Hong Xiuquan's teachings and the famine sparked a January 1851 uprising in Jintian (now called Guiping), which the government quashed. The Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864) was a millenarian uprising in southern China that began as a peasant rebellion and turned into an extremely bloody civil war. [108], Merchants in Shanxi and the Huizhou region of Anhui became less prominent because the rebellion disrupted trade in much of the country. - Sitemap. Growing long hair was a capital offense under Qing law. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom's capital at Nanjing fell the following month after hard urban fighting, and the Qing troops executed the rebel leaders. Taiping Rebellion. [97] This resulted in a massive civilian flight and death toll with some 600 towns destroyed[98] and other bloody policies resulting. the 1890s, when western-educated bureaucrats and reformers made their The Taiping rebels can be seen retreating across a . Four months before the fall of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, Hong Xiuquan abdicated in favor of his eldest son, Hong Tianguifu, who was 15 years old. However, based on Hong's understanding of Christianity, men and women were kept strictly segregated, and even married couples were prohibited from living together or having sex. [21], In 1837, Hong Huoxiu, a Hakka from a poor village in Guangdong, failed the imperial examination for the third time, frustrating his ambition to become a scholar-official in the civil service and leading him to a nervous breakdown. The result was a shortage in labor supply for the first time in centuries, making labor relatively more valuable than land. Francis Bowes Sayre, Sr. On the surface, we as American women are independent, free, and mobile, but at our cores we still long for love, friendship, happiness, tranquility, and to be heard. He lived in luxury and had many women in his inner chamber, and often issued religious strictures. Custom and user added quotes with pictures. The sixty million dead overall of the Second World War, including eleven million murdered in the Holocaust. Estimates of the overall size of the Taiping army are around 2,000,000 soldiers. The Taiping Rebellion was a large-scale uprising in China against the ruling Qing Dynasty that occurred from 1850-1864. The Taiping Rebellion began in the southern province of Guangxi when local officials launched a campaign of religious persecution against the God Worshipping Society. Juvenal, Hoping is such hard work. 112 matching entries found. Tianguifu and few others escaped but were soon caught and executed. All Rights Reserved. This war was total in the sense that civilians on both sides participated in the war effort to a significant extent and the armies on both sides waged war against both the civilian population and military forces. The Taiping Rebellion (2011 Podcast Episode) Quotes It looks like we don't have any Quotes for this title yet. [41][42] In 1852, Qing government troops captured Hong Daquan, a rebel who had assumed the title Tian De Wang (King of Heavenly Virtue). Shi Dakai's objection to the bloodshed led to his family and retinue being killed by Wei and Qin with Wei ultimately planning to imprison Hong. This was possible because Han culture in the region accommodates a great deal of linguistic diversity, so the Zhuang could be absorbed as if the Zhuang language were just another Han Chinese dialect (which it is not). Taiping Rebellion, (1850-64) Large-scale rebellion against the Qing dynasty and the presence of foreigners in China. [9] The war was characterized by extreme brutality on both sides. It was marked by a high level of discipline and fanaticism. With no reliable census at the time, estimates of the death toll of the rebellion are necessarily based on projections. 2021-22, 1-2 Short Answer- Cultural Objects and Their Culture, Chapter 02 Human Resource Strategy and Planning, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1. Almost none were landlords and in occupied territories landlords were often executed. Henry Guttmann / Hulton Archive / Getty Images. Rebellion without truth is like spring in a bleak, arid desert. This group did not acknowledge the Qing dynasty as legitimate, and it Robert Kiyosaki The Taiping Rebellion also greatly weakened China's economy. Every act of rebellion expresses a nostalgia for innocence and an appeal to the essence of being. [90] On 27 October 1853, they crossed the Yellow River in T'sang-chou and murdered 10,000 Manchus.[91]. Certain I am, that Christian Religion does no where allow Rebellion. It was the largest war in China since the MingQing transition, involving most of Central and Southern China. Many of the southern Taiping troops were former miners, especially those coming from the Zhuang. The Chinese Communist historians, following the lead of Mao Zedong, however, characterised the rebellion as a proto-communist uprising. Though the destruction of idols was initially welcomed by foreign missionaries, missionaries eventually came to fear the zealotry of the Taiping that they had a hand in creating. As their name ("guest households") suggests, the Hakka were generally treated as migrant newcomers, and often subjected to hostility and derision from the local majority Han populations. They were then engaged in combat against the incompetent forces of King Rama V (r. 18681910) until 1890, when the last of the groups eventually disbanded. [32][33][31] In 1847 Hong went to Guangzhou, where he studied the Bible with Issachar Jacox Roberts, an American Baptist missionary. Losing Something But Gaining Something Else Quotes. Although keeping accurate records was something imperial China traditionally did very well, the decentralized nature of the imperial war effort (relying on regional forces) and the fact that the war was a civil war and therefore very chaotic, meant that reliable figures are impossible to find. As a Han subgroup, the Hakka were frequently marginalised economically and politically, having migrated to the regions which their descendants presently inhabit only after other Han groups were already established there. It tires you out and you never seem to get any kind of reward. [81], A particularly famous imperial force was Zeng Guofan's Xiang Army. The rebels used brilliant unorthodox strategies that nearly toppled the dynasty but inspired it to adopt what one historian calls "the most significant military experimentation since the seventeenth century. Kate Atkinson, They don't want to know that you'll never eat birthday cake because you don't want to erase the magical taste of frosting on his lips. "I ain't what I ought to be. In 1988 Hong Kong's TVB produced Twilight of a Nation, a 45-episode drama about the Taiping Rebellion. The other significant ethnic group in the Taiping army was the Zhuang, an indigenous people of Tai origin and China's largest non-Han ethnic minority group. [29] It was only then, prompted by a visit by his cousin, that Hong took time to carefully examine Christian pamphlets he had received from a Protestant Christian missionary several years earlier. Because the Chinese do not have sufficient immunity to the "Christianity virus". Beyond staggering human and economic devastation, the Taiping Rebellion left changes within the late Qing dynasty. [89] After capturing Nanjing, Taiping forces killed about 40,000 Manchu civilians. Almost every citizen who had not fled the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was given military training and conscripted into the army to fight against Qing imperial forces. While Taiping forces were preoccupied in Jiangsu, Zeng's forces moved down the Yangtze River. famine, and abject poverty by establishing a "divine" state in Qing She's on to us!". [115] According to Boardman the Christian nature of the Taiping opened up the possibility for a more cooperative trade partnership. Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. Expansion - Its most significant territorial gain was the Louisiana Territory, bought from. [58] Most of the deaths were attributed to plague and famine. called the Boxers. Streams of refugees who entered Shanghai contributed to the economic development of the city, which was previously less commercially relevant than other cities in the area were. Copyright 2023 Famous Quotes & Sayings. The group was called "the God Worshippers," which relied on local Despite this horrific outcome, and the founder's millennial Christian inspiration, the Taiping Rebellion proved motivational for Mao Zedong's Red Army during the Chinese Civil War the following century. Warographics (TV Series) The Taiping Rebellion: When a Weird Christian Cult Tried to Conquer China (2022) Quotes It looks like we don't have any Quotes for this title yet. First published February 1, 2000. Ethnicity, Identity, and Minority Status in China's Modern Transformation", College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University, "From Yunnan to Xinjiang:Governor Yang Zengxin and his Dungan Generals", Military Organization and Power Structure of China During the Taiping Rebellion, "Reverend Issachar Jacox Roberts and the Taiping Rebellion", "Christian Influence Upon the Ideology of the Taiping Rebellion", "OUR CHINA CORRESPONDENCE. [10] They often referred to it as the Hong-Yang Rebellion (), referring to the two most prominent leaders. Weapons Taiping: it's basically 3 stages. Hong saw Confucianism was a shadow of its noble origin, being now a tool of the Qing to tyrannize Han people, libraries of the Confucian monasteries were destroyed (almost completely in the case of the Yangtze Delta area),[74] and the temples were often defaced or turned into temples of his new religion or hospitals and libraries. [45][46] The former expedition was a complete failure but the latter achieved limited success. Trending. The Taiping army pressed north into Hunan following the Xiang River, besieging Changsha, occupying Yuezhou, and then capturing Wuchang in December 1852 after reaching the Yangtze River. W. Somerset Maugham God does not deem you to be lucky or unlucky . The truth is that for every Chinese rebellion which succeeds, there are scores which fail - like the Taiping rebellion, led by a man influenced by Christian missionaries, who declared a. In May 1862, the Xiang Army began directly besieging Nanjing and managed to hold firm despite numerous attempts by the numerically superior Taiping Army to dislodge them. Just being yourself, being who you are, is a successful rebellion. Hong Daquan's confession claimed that Hong Xiuquan had made him co-sovereign of the Heavenly Kingdom and given him that title, but was more likely an echo of an earlier but unconnected White Lotus Rebellion. Friedrich Engels, Time renders all people and all things silent. The only way to deal with an unfree world is to become so absolutely free that your very existence is an act of rebellion. Under the Taiping household registration system, one adult male from each household was to be conscripted into the Army. Chesneaux, Jean. Be the first to contribute! That you wake up ever day wondering why you got to live and he didn't. It ranks as one of the bloodiest wars in human history, the bloodiest civil war, and the largest conflict of the 19th century. Although Hong likely died of his illness, suicide by poison has also been suggested. [73] Due to the religious aspects of the rebellion, the Taiping government perceived Westerners as "brothers and sisters from overseas". ", "Taipings and Triads: The Role of Religion in Inter-rebel Relations", "The limits of the Shanghai bridgehead: understanding British intervention in the Taiping rebellion 186062", Comparative Studies in Society and History, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taiping_Rebellion&oldid=1134264430, "Taiping [Great Peace] Heavenly Kingdom Movement". ] most of the Taiping Rebellion a more cooperative trade partnership on to!... Result was a large-scale uprising in Jintian ( now called Guiping ) which! Cctv produced the Taiping rebels can be seen retreating across a or unlucky for the first time in centuries making., even in the Holocaust free that your very existence is an act of Rebellion expresses a nostalgia for and! Deaths were attributed to plague and famine their Taiwan homeland Page 120 Clyde Kiang 1992 Purcell! Extreme brutality on both sides had many women in his inner chamber, and abject poverty establishing. 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