After their wedding, the couple traveled to Saint Augustine. As a gift to Kenan, Flagler built Whitehall, a 55-room winter getaway in Palm Beach. The railroad was financially unable to rebuild the destroyed sections, so the roadbed and remaining bridges were sold to the State of Florida, which built the Overseas Highway to Key West, using much of the remaining railway infrastructure. "[39] Not only did Flagler and Rockefeller's Standard Oil company become well known in Ohio, they expanded to other states, as well as gained additional capital in purchasing smaller oil refining companies across the nation. The rumor mill suspected that this change in priorities was due to Henry's association with one Ida Alice Shourds a red-haired, green-eyed actress who was rumored to have been Mary Harkness Flagler's nursemaid during her final years. The National Petroleum Exchange opened in Manhattan in late 1882 to facilitate the oil futures trading. Mary Harkness had been frail since childhood and her father often sent to a boarding school Savannah, Georgia as a means of sparing her from harsh northern winters. Please disable your ad blocker to view the video content. Along with cheques and stocks, Flagler also gifted his wife with a new estate in Palm Beach, Florida. However, this kindly nickname does not do justice to the full story of Flagler, who was nearly fifty years old when he first set foot in Florida in 1878. Both Elizabeth and Isaac had been married twice before, and Henry had a half- sister (his father's daughter from a previous marriage) named Ann-Caroline, or "Carrie," and a half-brother, Dan Harkness (his mother's . [41] The history of American oil refining begins with Flagler and Rockefeller, as they built the biggest, most prosperous and monopolizing oil empire of their time: Standard Oil. Within six years, Henry was earning enough money to purchase a showy Victorian house in Bellevue. [33] Ohio was especially vigorous in applying its state anti-trust laws, and finally forced a separation of Standard Oil of Ohio from the rest of the company in 1892, the first step in the dissolution of the trust. Graham, Thomas. The visionary widow from Ohio bought hundreds of acres at what is now Downtown Miami, moved down on a barge, and eventually convinced railroad man Henry Flagler to extend his new railway to the Miami River by sending him an unusual package. St. Augustine, FL: Saint Augustine Historical Society, 1978. He was even given permission to use the coquina quarry on Anastasia Island to source materials for his state-of-the-art hotels. While many tourists were satisfied with the charms of rural Florida, the appeal quickly wore off for the Flaglers, Henry specifically. Henry M. Flagler, in full Henry Morrison Flagler, (born January 2, 1830, Hopewell, New York, U.S.died May 20, 1913, West Palm Beach, Florida), American financier and partner of John D. Rockefeller, Sr., in establishing the Standard Oil Company. Mendez, Jesus. Henry Morrison Flagler was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. The top-ranked Kenan-Flagler Business School at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is named for Flagler and his wife, who was an early benefactor of UNC along with her family and descendants. It was first established in Ohio. This field trip will walk you through the life of Henry Morrison Flagler and the great impact he made on South Florida. Flagler commissioned the architects and builders of his other St. Augustine buildings to create the Venetian Renaissance Revival style . Flagler gave them the honored center positions in the mausoleum. [26] Its share of world oil refining topped out above 90% but slowly dropped to about 80% for the rest of the century. View Henry Flagler.pptx from HISTORY 10 at Jupiter High School. The Alcazar Hotel and Casa Monica Hotel have their own fascinating histories. He was best known for being a Entrepreneur. His personal dedication to the state of Florida was demonstrated when he began construction on his private residence, Kirkside, in St. Augustine. This was the case for many wealthy men during the Civil War, including Henry's future business partner, John D. Rockefeller. In 1869, Henry Flagler began buying out small oil refineries on behalf of John D. Rockefeller, who had it in his mind to monopolize the oil industry in Ohio. While the younger Flagler wanted to pursue a career in music, Henry hardly thought that was appropriate for his only son and heir. Melbert Cary died in 1941, and after his death Mary continued to divide her. Henry married Nancy Flagler in month 1861, at age 25 at marriage place, Michigan. Those first two seasons during which Flagler hosted an innumerable amount of parties, electric light displays, and opulent dinners (all of which were accompanied by music from the best musicians of the time) were met with eager approval by guests and the press. For about fourteen or fifteen years, I have devoted my time exclusively to business, and now I am pleasing myself.'". Bostonian Franklin W. Smith had recently built his winter home, the Villa Zorayda, which caught Flagler's eye almost immediately. In 1885 he decided to build a luxury hotel there which would attract the country's elite. Ida Alice Shourds became Ida Alice Shourds Flagler in June of 1883 and moved into the Flagler family home the day after their wedding. Nothing major just language that "[made] incurable insanity a ground for divorce.". [29] Robert Nobel had established his own refining enterprise in the abundant and cheaper Russian oil fields, including the region's first pipeline and the world's first oil tanker. HENRY FLAGLER "Father of Florida" American Industrialist Early Days was born on January 2, 1830 in Hopewell, New York, raised in a. He declined the honor, persuading them to use an old Indian name, "Mayaimi". The future "founder" of Florida found St. Augustine to be dirty, depressing, and worst of all boring. He served as a vice president through 1908 and was part of ownership until 1911. Alternately called cruel, philanthropic, pitiless and visionary in his lifetime, Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) was a complicated man. However, many other officials were wary of Henry Flagler. The company expanded into the grain and distillery businesses, and the latter was sold after making considerable money. Because Henry Flagler had not yet claimed Florida as his own, Savannah, Georgia was considered to be the last bastion of civilization on the East Coast. The public and the media in Florida exploded with the scandal of it all. This was the beginning of the Standard Oil company, which would catapult both men into unimaginable levels of wealth. In Bellevue he courted and married his step-uncle's (Lamon Harkness) second daughter, Mary Harkness, November 9, 1853. Henry Morrison Flagler (1830-1913) built this church to the glory of God as a memorial to his daughter, Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict, who passed away as a result of childbirth in 1889. "[35], Flagler and Rockefeller continued to consolidate their oil interests as best they could until New Jersey, in 1909, changed its incorporation laws to effectively allow a re-creation of the trust in the form of a single holding company. However, much to Flagler's chagrin, he had no legal grounds to be granted a divorce from Alice in New York or Florida. Craze became frenzy when Mary Lily Kenan and Henry Flagler married on August 24th, 1901. In 1853, young Henry followed suit when Lamon Harkness' middle daughter, Mary, became his first wife. Jul 1, 2020 - Explore Patricia Cipolla's board "Henry Flagler" on Pinterest. He was born in New York. A railroad and oil magnate who laid claim to Florida's east coast. There, they were both given work by Lamon Harkness, who was the brother of Dan's late father. Who was Henry Flagler? Henry Flagler was born on January 2, 1830, in the little village of Hopewell, in upstate New York, to Elizabeth and Isaac Flagler. Two years later, Flagler built the Palm Beach Inn (renamed The Breakers in 1901), overlooking the Atlantic Ocean in Palm Beach. Only his son Harry survived of the three children by his first marriage in 1853 to Mary Harkness. All this is to say that the winter and spring of 1885 were life-changing for Henry Flagler and his circle. As elated as the couple was to meet their first and only son, her condition made planning for Harry's future feel disturbingly somber. As our little daughter is only 8 month old we wanted to provide her a sheltered place to sit in in the 25 degrees and we wanted to visit the house while we swap over looking after her as . Flagler's second wife, the former Ida Alice Shourds, was declared insane[50] by Flagler's friend Dr. Anderson in 1896 and was institutionalized on and off starting that year. Les Standiford (Goodreads Author) (shelved 3 times as henry-flagler) avg rating 4.08 3,518 ratings published 2002. Henry Flalger entombed on the right Jennie Louise is currently entombed inside of the church with her infant daughter, Majorie, in her arms. If Smith could raise $50,000, Flagler would invest $150,000 and they would build a hotel together. Despite (or perhaps because of) the tragic death of the mother of his children, Henry Flagler poured himself into the business of Standard Oil. [8] By 1872, it led the American oil refining industry, producing 10,000 barrels per day (1,600m3/d). The Bingham-Flagler marriage (and questions about her death or possible murder) figured prominently in several books that appeared in the 1980s, when the Bingham family sold the newspaper in the midst of great acrimony. His father was a Presbyterian minister, Isaac Flagler. Flagler. Henry Flagler, son of a Presbyterian minister, had Memorial Presbyterian Church built in memory of his daughter Jennie Louise Flagler Benedict and her newborn daughter Margery, both of whom died in 1889. He found that salt mining required more technical knowledge than he had and struggled in the industry during the Civil War. When son Harry Harkness Flagler was born in December of 1870, Mary's frail health was greatly weakened by giving birth. This is somewhat my case. "Henry M. Flagler's Hotel Ponce de Len.". Henry Morrison Flagler (January 2, 1830 May 20, 1913) was an American industrialist and a founder of Standard Oil. Henry's birth heralded the beginning of a decade and perhaps a new start for his family. The family moved as was necessary for Isaac's job, having lived in Virginia and Ohio during Henry's childhood. By the mid-1860s, Cleveland had become the center of the oil refining industry in America and Rockefeller left the grain business to start his own oil refinery. For many of the competitors, Flagler and Rockefeller had merely to show them the books so they could see what they were up against and make them a decent offer. A deal brokered by Henry Clay Frick exchanged Standard's iron interests for U.S. Steel stock and gave Rockefeller and his son membership on the company's board of directors. The company collapsed when the war undercut commercial demand for salt. Smith helped train the masons on the mixing and pouring techniques he used on Zorayda. "For the longest time, I could not imagine why Jean would save Whitehall," said Mr. Ponce. Son of the late Henry M. Flagler, but never interested himself in his father's railroad and development projects in Florida, nor in the Standard Oil Co. through his mother, the former Mary Harkness. It developed over 300 oil-based products from tar to paint to Vaseline petroleum jelly to chewing gum. Keys, L. (2015) Hotel Ponce de Leon: The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of Flagler's Gilded Age Palace. Commander John Flagler, USN. Both of Henry's parents had been married previously. [7] The partnership eventually grew into the Standard Oil Corporation. Last Train to Paradise. Along with the mounting unrest between himself and Ida Alice, Flagler was also butting heads with his son, Harry. As Henry's businesses prospered, they moved to New York City. [1], Flagler was born in Hopewell, New York. [2] Flagler's mother was Elizabeth Caldwell Harkness Flagler, Isaac's third wife and a widow who had a stepson, Stephen V. Harkness, and a son, Daniel M. Harkness, from her marriage to deceased widower David Harkness of Milan, Ohio. 0:58. It was during these early years of employment that young Henry Flagler cut his teeth in business one step closer to the shark he would become. Also, on July 28, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled on the southeast steps of Miami's Dade County Courthouse, located on Miami's Flagler Street. Indeed, Flagler's second sojourn to St. Augustine went off without a hitch the recently constructed San Marco hotel accommodated him and Ida Alice well, and he found himself to be amongst peers instead of invalids. Flagler was entombed in the Flagler family mausoleum at Memorial Presbyterian Church in St. Augustine alongside his first wife, Mary Harkness; daughter, Jenny Louise; and granddaughter, Marjorie. As he grew older, he became determined to never be poor again. "When John D. Rockefeller was asked if the Standard Oil company was the result of his thinking, he answered, 'No, sir. [citation needed][66], "Henry M. Flagler" redirects here. Mary Harkness Flagler was the sweet, unpretentious first wife of Henry. In a few years, it seems he embraced the life of a wealthy widower. Seven years later he became a senior salesman with a salary of $ 400 per year. Flagler believed that he had learned a valuable lesson: invest in a business only after thorough investigation. The Zorayda's poured coquina and concrete structure, Spanish architecture, and lavish interior inspired Flagler, who actually tried to buy the building, but was denied. Indeed, Mary Harkness Flagler's ailments first brought Henry Flagler to Far Florida. In 1868, at age 37, Flagler joined with John Rockefeller and Samuel Andrews to form the Rockefeller, Andrews and Flagler Oil Refinery. At age 23, Flagler married the daughter of the owner, Mary Harkness (Wright . Henry Flagler's daughter, Jennie Louise Benedict, had a baby girl on February 9, 1889. Reynolds, Charles B. [1] The Royal Poinciana Hotel was at the time the largest wooden structure in the world. While in this state he met his good pastor, to whom, being soundly upbraided for his condition, he replied, 'I've been giving all my days to the Lord hitherto, and now I'm taking one for myself. Rockefeller admitted later, "We realized that public sentiment would be against us if we actually refined all the oil. They had 3 children: Maud Aiken and 2 other children. [64], On February 24, 2006, a statue of Flagler was unveiled in Key West near the spot where the Over-Sea Railroad once terminated. Struck by the tragic loss of his eldest daughter and first granddaughter, Henry Flagler sought solace in his business projects and the council of friends like Dr. Andrew Anderson. The Venetian Renaissance style of the church is reflected in the pointed arches and Byzantine dome. It was due largely to the efforts of Henry M. Flagler and John D. One of the grain brokers When Mary contracted tuberculosis, at her doctor's recommendation they traveled . When the Civil War broke out, Dan Harkness was among the first in Bellevue, Ohio to enlist in the Union efforts. Through this business, Flagler became acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who worked as a commission agent with Hewitt and Tuttle for the Harkness Grain Company. To add to the tragic circumstances, her baby daughter also died. Graham, Thomas. In the early 1880s, Flagler and Rockefeller created one of their most important innovations. Henry and Mary had two Carrie died at age three. At the time, Key West was Florida's most populous city, with a population of 20,000, and it was also the United States' deep water port closest to the canal that the U.S. government proposed to build in Panama. Flagler County, Florida, Flagler Beach, Florida and Flagler, Colorado are also named for him. We correct them as soon as they come to our knowledge. The family being of moderate means, Henry struck out from New York to Republic, Ohio in 1844. My 4th great-grandmother, Elizabeth Howes, married (1) William Jones (my ancestor) and (2nd) Colonel Henry Ostrom, of Pleasant Valley & Patterson, Dutchess County, NY. He would describe his childhood often as having been 'hungry and cold'. During the early 1880s, Flagler outsourced the care of young Harry to his half-sister Carrie and daughter Jennie Louise. In 1877, Flagler and his family moved to New York City, which was becoming the center of commerce in the U.S.. [citation needed], In 1912, the Florida Overseas Railroad was completed to Key West. [citation needed], By the end of the American Civil War, Cleveland was one of the five main refining centers in the U.S. (besides Pittsburgh, New York City, Philadelphia, and the region in northwestern Pennsylvania where most of the oil originated). When he was 23, Flagler married Mary Harkness, a frail, 20-year-old cousin of Dan Harkness. [citation needed], Needing capital for his new venture, Rockefeller approached Flagler in 1867. Finally, Dan Harkness (7 perhaps Henry's favorite sibling), was Henry's mother's son from her first husband. Pratt's son, Charles Millard Pratt, became Secretary of Standard Oil. https://staughs.com/the-mary-lily-kenan-conspiracy/. [65] After Flagler's death, she married an old friend, Robert Worth Bingham, who used an inheritance from her to buy the Louisville Courier-Journal newspaper. There is also a kitchen, equipped with a dishwasher, oven and microwave. "[40], By 1892, Standard Oil had a monopoly over all oil refineries in the United States. . He was also a key figure in the development of the eastern coast of Florida along the Atlantic Ocean and was founder of what became the Florida East Coast Railway. Flagler's wife died shortly after the partnership was formed. Even more critical, the invention of the light bulb gradually began to erode the dominance of kerosene for illumination. 0:00. So, Henry was the youngest of a large mixed family. Researching those perspectives is like playing the telephone game with the dead; something is bound to get confused.). [36] The court ruled that the trust originated in illegal monopoly practices and ordered it to be broken up into 34 new companies. When he was a toddler, his two older half-sisters moved to New York to live with family, and Caroline ('Carrie') and Dan were Henry's constant companions. Unfortunately, the Key West Extension is viewed as a business failure having "never earned the expected revenue before the Labor Day hurricane of 1935 destroyed it" (Akin 223). Julia was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1849 to Ephraim Sturtevant and his wife. This conflict created a breach between father and son that lasted until Henry Flagler was on his deathbed. St. Augustine, FL: The St. Augustine Historical Society. "[38] Flagler and Rockefeller worked hard for their company to achieve such prominence. It soon was doing one tenth of all the petroleum business in the United States. [citation needed], One of the most effective attacks on Flagler and Rockefeller and their firm was the 1905 publication of The History of the Standard Oil Company, by Ida Tarbell, a leading muckraker. Eldest daughter Jennie Louise died when she was a young woman (more on her later). She lived the rest of her life in New York, under strict supervision by her guardians (who were chosen by Flagler, of course). The judge instructed the jury to find them not guilty because the "prosecution had failed to prove 'an agreement of minds with evil intent to conspire'. Two years later, he expanded his Florida holdings. "The Flagler Pavilion was built across the street at Edgewood for the Flaglers' daughter Elizabeth's 1927 wedding to J. Andrews Harris lll," said Millbrook Historian David Greenwood. Their only son was born in 1870. After a time, Flagler began to turn over some of his duties at Standard Oil to younger blood. 2. "[59], In March 1913, Flagler fell down a flight of marble stairs at Whitehall. Congress concluded that newspapers in Florida and across the South spread the deceitful news against Flagler. IT HAD BEGUN 26 YEARS EARLIER, IN 1891, when Henry Morrison Flagler, the uncrowned "king" of Florida, who had made a vast fortune as a founding partner of Standard Oil of Ohio, met Mary Lily Kenan . But Standard Oil adapted, developing its own European presence, expanding into natural gas production in the U.S., then into gasoline for automobiles, which until then had been considered a waste product. Dan married Lamon's eldest daughter, Isabella, in 1849 (yes, they were first cousins). Henry Flagler's first visit to Florida was in the winter of 1878-9. His project to connect the east coast of the United States from top to bottom was completed when the first Florida East Coast Railway car pulled into Key West in 1912. "[24], At that time, many legislatures had made it difficult to incorporate in one state and operate in another. Because he had a hard personal life and was a cutthroat business man. Ralph, Julian. In 1901, U.S. Steel, now controlled by J. Pierpont Morgan, having bought Andrew Carnegie's steel assets, offered to buy Standard's iron interests as well. It was Henry M. Henry Flagler: The Astonishing Life and Times of the Visionary Robber Baron Who Founded Florida. Jennie Louise was now a young married woman of twenty-four years; Carrie had died as a child; the son Harry was eight. 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