Members of the Latter Day Saint movement, founded by Joseph Smith, had gradually migrated from New York to northwestern Missouri since 1831, mainly settling in Jackson County, where tensions with non-Mormon residents led to episodes of anti-Mormon violence. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[14] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. [119] Other historians are convinced that Rockwell was involved in the shooting. Stephen C. LeSueur: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri. [105], Daviess County residents were outraged by the escape of Smith and the other leaders. [13][42], Sentiment among the anti-Mormon segment of Carroll County's population hardened, and some began to take up arms. However, Reynolds was unable to capture Rockwell. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon-Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. LDS Living. Answer (1 of 3): Original question: What was the cause of the Mormon War? [56], Local citizens were outraged by the actions of the Danites and other Mormon bands. [27] Two days after Rigdon preached his Salt Sermon, 80 prominent Mormons including Hyrum Smith signed the so-called Danite Manifesto, which warned the dissenters to "depart or a more fatal calamity shall befall you." [51][53] Ignoring this counsel, Judge Higby, a Mormon judge in Caldwell County called out the Caldwell militia, led by Colonel George M. Hinkle. At that time, opponents of the Mormons used a pattern that would be repeated four times,[12] culminating in the expulsion of the Mormons from the entire state. The Far West militia was marched out of the city and forced to turn over their weapons to General Lucas. Public opinion has recoiled from a summary and forcible removal of our negro population;much more likely will it be to revolt at the violent expulsion of two or three thousand souls, who have so many ties to connect them with us in a common brotherhood. "[27][37] Black later confirmed that he had felt threatened by the large number of hostile armed men. Doniphan refused to obey the order, replying: It is cold-blooded murder. Lucas tried Joseph Smith Jr. and other Mormon leaders by court martial on November 1, the evening of the surrender. "[46] After more than a week, a company of armed Mormons assisted Lathrop in rescuing his wife and two of his children (one had died while prisoner). Tensions built up between the rapidly-growing Mormon community and the earlier settlers for a number of reasons: These tensions led to harassment and mob violence against the Mormon settlers. Most Mormon immigrants to Missouri (which was at the time a, This page was last edited on 10 December 2022, at 21:15. Mormon settlement increased as hundreds of members from Kirtland and elsewhere poured into Missouri. Initial reaction by Missourians was mixed. [117] Boggs survived, but Mormons came under immediate suspicion especially of the alleged failed assassination attempt by Orrin Porter Rockwell of the Mormon Danites. Battle of Crooked River.jpg 564 452; 106 KB. The conflict was preceded by the eviction of the Mormons from Jackson County, Missouri, in 1833. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. In all, 17 Latter Day Saints were killed in what came to be called the Haun's Mill Massacre. However, under the leadership of William Austin, the vigilantes refocused their efforts on the small Mormon settlement at De Witt [66] According to one Latter Day Saint witness, the deaths "threw a gloom over the whole place."[67]. After the stress of being expelled from Millport into the snow, Milford Donaho's wife gave birth prematurely, and the child was severely injured during the birth. [44], As tensions built in Daviess County, other counties began to respond to Carroll County's request for assistance in expelling the Mormons from their county. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. They also sent a request for assistance to Governor Boggs, noting that the mob had threatened "to exterminate them, without regard to age or sex". which rallied the Mormons and allowed them to drive off their opponents.[36]. Despite an attempt by the Mormons to parley, the mob attacked. On the afternoon of 24 October 1838, some of Bogart's men, operating independently of Bogart's main command, took two Mormon spies prisoner at a home where the Mormon "spy company" (a group of Mormons who had been assembled to scout the movements of Bogart and other anti-Mormon vigilantes in the area [12]) was quartered. . The 1838 Mormon War, also known as the Missouri Mormon War, was a conflict between Mormons and non-Mormons in Missouri from August to November 1838, the first of the three "Mormon Wars". Parks wrote his superior, General Atchison, that "a word from his Excellency would have more power to quell this affair than a regiment. [58], During the days that followed, Latter Day Saint vigilantes under the direction and encouragement of Lyman Wight drove Missourians who lived in outlying farms from their homes, which were similarly plundered and burned. Judge Josiah Morin and Samuel McBrier, both considered friendly to the Mormons, both fled Daviess County after being threatened. While Mormon women and children scattered and hid in the surrounding woods and nearby homes, Mormon men and boys rallied to defend the settlement. Once Latter-day Saints were disarmed, mounted squads visited Mormon settlements with threats and enough beatings and destruction of homes to force flight. [54] One woman died of exposure, the other (a woman named Jenson) died in childbirth. "[48], On October 1, the mob burned the home and stables of Smith Humphrey. Soon after the "Extermination Order" was issued, vigilantes attacked an outlying Mormon settlement and killed . When McBride held out a hand, Rogers cut it off with a corn knife, then may have further mangled his body while McBride was still alive. The Militia broke ranks and fled across the river. [4] [57], When a Mormon band plundered and burned the Taylor home, one young Mormon, Benjamin F Johnson, argued his fellow vigilantes into leaving a horse for a pregnant Mrs Taylor and her children to ride to safety. [107] The militia was disbanded in late November.[13]. Hyrum Smith, Brigham Young, and other leaders left at Far West warned the veterans of Crooked River to flee. Dunn, acting under the orders of Doniphan, continued on to Adam-ondi-Ahman. Sampson Avard (October 23, 1800 - April 15, 1869) was one of the founders and leaders of the Mormon vigilantes known as the Danites . A committee sent to De Witt ordered the Latter-day Saints to leave. Mike Vago. During the fall of 1838, as tensions escalated during what is now known as the Mormon Missouri War, the Danites were apparently absorbed into militias largely composed of Latter-day Saints. They asked if the rumor was true, and demanded that he sign a document disavowing any connection to the vigilance committees. Lilburn Boggs, as a Jackson county resident, and as Lieutenant Governor, was in a position to observe and assist in executing the tactics described by one Mormon historian: In 1833 Boggs passively saw community leaders and officials sign demands for Mormon withdrawal, and next force a gunbarrel contract to abandon the county before spring plantinganti-Mormon goals were reached in a few simple stages. "In the summer and fall of 1838, animosity between Mormons and their neighbors in western Missouri erupted into an armed conflict known as the Mormon War. Possibly playing on Rigdon's July 4 sermon that talked of a "war of extermination," Boggs issued Missouri Executive Order 44, also known as the "Extermination Order," which stated that "the Mormons must be treated as enemies, and must be exterminated or driven from the State if necessary for the public peace"[71] The Extermination Order was finally rescinded on June 25, 1976 by Governor Christopher Samuel "Kit" Bond.[72][73]. Later that day, the Carroll County forces sealed off the town. He's still alive, ain't he?". [57] Millport, which at time was the largest city in the county and the center for trade, never recovered from the Mormon burnings, and became a ghost town. It read: "Headquarters of the Militia," City of Jefferson, Oct. 27, 1838. [69] Instead of staying in the strip, Bogart passed into southern Caldwell County and began to disarm Mormons. News of the battle quickly spread and contributed to an all-out panic in northwestern Missouri. Mormon leader John Corrill wrote, "the love of pillage grew upon them very fast, for they plundered every kind of property they could get a hold of. Add to Wish List Link to this Book Add to Bookbag Sell this Book Buy it at Amazon Compare Prices. 3 Shot, Sumter Mob Hangs Negro. Activity Planning This involves making a road . As a result of the war, nearly all Mormons in Missouri, estimated at more than ten thousand, were forced to leave the state. Amazon.com: The 1838 Mormon War in Missouri (Volume 1): 9780826207296: LeSueur, Stephen C.: Libros. The church relocated from Kirtland to Far West, which became its new headquarters. Every Mormon who had taken up arms was to sell his property to pay for the damages to Missourian property and for the muster of the state militia. On October 19, 1838, the day after Gallatin was burned, Thomas B. Marsh and fellow apostle Orson Hyde left the association of the Church. The militia promptly arrested Smith and the other leaders. Of the Missourians, only one, Moses Rowland, was killed. [53] On October 18, these Mormons began to act as vigilantes and marched under arms in three groups to Daviess County. Nearly every one was burned. Finding 10-year-old Sardius Smith hiding behind the bellows, William Reynolds of Livingston County shot and killed the boy, saying: "Nits will make lice, and if he had lived he would have become a Mormon"[74] Agnes Smith, a sister-in-law of Joseph, was chased from her home with two small children when her home was burned. Smith's followers, commonly known as Mormons, began to settle in Jackson County in 1831 to "build up" the city of Zion. On May 6, 1842, Boggs was shot in the head at his home three blocks from Temple Lot. To William Wines Phelps, a fellow Latter Day Saint and witness to the events, Hinkle wrote: "When the facts were laid before Joseph, did he not say, 'I will go'; and did not the others go with him, and that, too, voluntarily, so far as you and I were concerned? Those minutes were written up and widely published in newspapers across the country. 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