"Day 0 DRIP" would be your total deposit, assuming you are hydrating once per day according to your hydrating schedule. Find the formula and name of the hydrate. Start by calculating the gas gravity (g) , using Eq. The gas flowing through the pipeline is cooled to 38F by the surrounding water. return valStrg; How do you calculate hydrates? // open the document for writing new Array(55,0,1845), new Array(55,20,2325), new Array(55,40,2685), new Array(55,60,3045), (40.08 + 32.066 + 4 (15.999) + 3 (2 (1.0079) + 15.999)) = 190.19 g/mol. and reducing the use of single use plastics. Divide this difference by the mass of the hydrated salt. Rehydrate Pro is a brand created to highlight the need for people 1 cup = 136 g flour 4.8 oz flour 0.3 lb flour 236 g water 8.32 oz water 0.52 lb water 227 g butter 128 g sugar 40 tsp 13.3 tbsp 1 lb = 454 g 16 oz 1.92307692 cups water Rather, it is advisable that one spread his or her water consumption out over the length of the day. How is the coefficient x of a hydrate determined? Here is a video discussing how to find the empirical formula of copper sulfate. New York: Transactions of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, AIME. You will have DRIP in Deposit, making $/day with a maximum of still available to claim. Subscribe to our newsletter and stay up to date with the latest news and deals! if (env == "") { function debug(text) { Calculate the formula mass. c) To convert grams to moles. } The hydrate formation curve defines the temperature and pressure envelope in which the entire subsea hydrocarbons system must operate in at steady state and transient conditions in order to avoid the possibility of hydrate formation [3]. 5 Permissible expansion of a 0.6-gravity natural gas without hydrate formation (from Katz[9]). What is the chemical formula of a diamond? // Show the debug window if (window.top.debugWindow && ! All rights reserved | } Based in San Diego, John Brennan has been writing about science and the environment since 2006. Group#5. Solution: Step 1: In this step, we have to determine the moles of each element. A pipeline with the gas composition below has inlet pipeline conditions of 195F and 1,050 psia. Ballard, A.L. window.top.debugWindow.opener = self; Salts known as hydrates contain molecules of water incorporated into their crystal structures. We are also providing tools that will help the process and transition } new Array(106,0,3560), new Array(106,20,4040), new Array(106,40,4400), new Array(106,60,4760), Gas A expands from 13.6 MPa (2,000 psia) and 316 K (110F) until it strikes the hydrate formation curve at 0.53 MPa (780 psia) and 287 K (57F), so 0.53 MPa (780 psia) represents the limit to hydrate-free expansion, Gas B expands from 12.2 MPa (1,800 psia) and 322 K (120F) to intersect the hydrate formation curve at a limiting pressure of 1.97 MPa (290 psia) and 279 K (42F). We are grateful to our generous sponsors for their assistance in building and supporting PetroWiki. 4 were determined for constant enthalpy (Joule-Thomson) expansions, obtained from the First Law of Thermodynamics for a system flowing at steady state, ignoring kinetic and potential energy changes: Normal flow restrictions (e.g., valves and orifices) have no shaft work, and because rapid flow approximates adiabatic operation, both Ws and Q are zero. Water is essential for good health. new Array(51,0,1740), new Array(51,20,2220), new Array(51,40,2520), new Array(51,60,2910), You can unsubscribe at anytime. The hydrate temperature of the gas is 17 o C. The gas arrives onshore at 5 o C and 6500 kPa. The water can easily be removed from a hydrate just by heating strongly. in the "Water in your body" card. Recall the Hammerschmidt[10] equation (Eq. -determine the mole ratio between the water and the anhydrate; Here's an example of how to do this: let's assume you want to determine the formula for the hydrate of barium chloride. new Array(60,0,2040), new Array(60,20,2520), new Array(60,40,2880), new Array(60,60,3240), var tbl = Get(id); In Petroleum Development and Technology 1945, Vol. Thats because hydration needs are far from one-size-fits-all. Heat of hydration of Cl - = -300kJ/mol Substitute the values in the given formula Heat of hydration = (Hsolution - Hlattice energy) = 5 - 700 Therefore, Heat of hydration = -695 Heat of hydration of Na+ + Cl- = -695 Heat of hydration of Na+ = -695 - (-300) Therefore, Heat of hydration of Na+ = -395 } 22.4 cm3 of the acid was required. new Array(70,0,2360), new Array(70,20,2840), new Array(70,40,3200), new Array(70,60,3560), All rights reserved. 18. (Calculated based on 1 glass = .25 lt /1 glass = 8 oz). 4, one can calculate the total amount of hydrate inhibitor needed, as shown below in Example 2. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. // If decPlaces is greater than zero, add a decimal point 2: Using this gas gravity number to read Fig. Therefore, the formula for the hydrate of barium chloride is BaCl2 2H 2O Brown, G.G. When cooled, the mass of the remaining dehydrated compound is found to be 1.55 g. How to Write the Formula for Barium chloride (BaCl2) Watch on. For example, how to calculate the percentage error: Suppose you did an experiment to measure the boiling point of water and your results average to 101.5C. Can you use an alarm system without monitoring? also important is to educate on the importance of caring for our environment Projected available flows calculated at 20 psi residual, or the static pressure for low pressure hydrants having static pressures of less than 40 psi. If you are asking yourself how much water should you drink per day our water calculator will calculate that for you in cups (glasses), ounces (oz), and milliliters. Lean Body Mass Calculator Do You Have More Muscle or Fat? This means after calculating the mass of water (H 2 O), we must multiply the mass by 5 to get the total mass of 5 molecules of water, and then add this value to the mass of CuSO 4 to get the total mas of CuSO 4 .5H 2 O. We will then add the mass of the water to the mass of anhydrous salt to get the total mass of the hydrate. new Array(77,0,2595), new Array(77,20,3075), new Array(77,40,3435), new Array(77,60,3795), } else { new Array(53,0,1770), new Array(53,20,2260), new Array(53,40,2600), new Array(53,60,2970), What are hydrates in chemistry? Flow Assurance Managing Flow Dynamics and Production Chemistry. The mass of water evaporated is obtained by subtracting the mass of the anhydrous solid from the mass of the original hydrate ( 5.3 ): mH 2O = mHydrate mAnhydrous Solid Mass of crucible + unknown hydrate 2. Calculate mass of water in hydrate sample. for (c = 0; c < obj.rows[r].cells.length; ++c) { x m = 1 -exp (-d/72) where: d = depression of the water dew point or gas hydrate freezing point, deg C (>13.5) Vaporization losses are to be calculated as explained previously. 1 Water content of hydrocarbon gases (from McKetta and Wehe[4]). The amounts of MeOH in Example 2 are shown in Table 6. A Hydrate's Empirical Formula Aaron Meehan Ethan 11/06/17 Kotiba 09J I have read and agree to the terms of the Academic Honesty Statement. The steps you need to take in order to determine the molecular formula of a hydrate are. 3): Rearranging the Hammerschmidt equation to find W: yields that 27 wt% of methanol is needed in the free-water phase to provide hydrate inhibition at 1,050 psia and 38F (highest pressure, lowest temperature) for this gas. A lactometer is an instrument that is used to check for the purity of milk by measuring its density. S. 2. Exercise .. Altitude .. What is the value of n in the hydrate's formula? [Chemical Equations Examples: H 2 + O 2 = H 2 O. Na 2 + Cl 2 = NaCl. new Array(35,0,1185), new Array(35,20,1455), new Array(35,40,1680), new Array(35,60,1950), J. Supramol. https://webevents.spe.org/products/flow-assurance-managing-flow-dynamics-and-production-chemistry-2, Use this section to provide links to relevant material on websites other than PetroWiki and OnePetro, Phase behavior of water and hydrocarbon systems, Equilibrium of water and hydrocarbon systems with hydrates, PEH:Phase_Behavior_of_H2O_Hydrocarbon_Systems. The hydrated form of cobalt (II) chloride contains six water molecules in each formula unit. Last and There are several ways to do hand calculations for three-phase LW-H-V conditions: The gas gravity method is the simplest method for quantifying the hydrate formation temperature and pressure. if (totalPad > 0) { The water may be removed from the salt in the laboratory by heating the salt. The theoretical (actual) percent hydration (percent water) can be calculated from the formula of the hydrate by dividing the mass of water in one mole of the hydrate by the molar mass of the hydrate and multiplying by 100. new Array(103,0,3450), new Array(103,20,3930), new Array(103,40,4290), new Array(103,60,4650), } Richardson, Texas: Monograph Series, SPE. Sloan, E.D. new Array(85,0,2850), new Array(85,20,3330), new Array(85,40,3690), new Array(85,60,4050), new Array(65,0,2190), new Array(65,20,2670), new Array(65,40,3030), new Array(65,60,3390), With 27.0 wt% methanol required to inhibit the free-water phase, and the mass of water/MMscf calculated at 618.4 lbm in the free-water phase, the mass (m) of MeOH/MMscf is. new Array(88,0,2960), new Array(88,20,3440), new Array(88,40,3820), new Array(88,60,4160), Your email address will not be published. (( (sugarIntake - sugarMax) * 4 )) Kcals // remark if passed from caller hov - row hover style. The Whatever. if( oDoc.getElementById && oDoc.getElementById(oName) ) { return oDoc.getElementById(oName); } new Array(112,0,3750), new Array(112,20,4230), new Array(112,40,4590), new Array(112,60,4950)); new Array(28,0,945), new Array(28,20,1185), new Array(28,40,1365), new Array(27,60,1560), "." -calculate the mass of the water that has been removed; Recent work by Hopgood[3] shows that hydrate prediction programs commonly are in error by as much as 5C for hydrate formation conditions in black oils; this is an area of current research. The calculator will work out your hydration level based on the information you give about yourself and your daily drinking habits. Notice the formula for the salt is followed by a raised dot, then a coefficient stating the number of water molecules, and then the formula for water. As a result, as body weight increases, fluid needs increase as well, notes theUniversity of Missouri System. for( var x = 0; document.layers && x < oDoc.layers.length; x++ ) { var result1 = num * Math.pow(10, precision); 6). For example, if you getample fruits and veggies each day (both of which are packed with hydrating fluid), you wont need to gulp down as much water. Formula of a Hydrate (Anhydrous SolidxH2O) In order to determine the formula of the hydrate, [Anhydrous SolidxH2O], the number of moles of water per mole of anhydrous solid (x) will be calculated by dividing the number of moles of water by the number of moles of the anhydrous solid (Equation 2.12. for (i=0;i<=data.length-1;i++) In general, theNational Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicinesuggest that each day women get a total of about 2.7 liters (L), or 11 cups, of fluid and men get about 3.7 L (16 cups). ! What is an example of the law of identity? Empirical Formula of a Hydrate . 5, the maximum pressure of gas expansion is 7.14 MPa (1,050 psia). Continuing the example, we would divide 9 grams by 25 grams to get 36 percent. def - default style. In our example, we lost 9 grams of water; if we divide 9 by 18, we get 0.5 moles of water lost. 2 Solubility of water in hydrocarbons at 298.15 K (from Tsonopoulos[5]). 5. return; The calculator will work out your hydration level based on the information you give about yourself and your daily drinking habits. function showDebug() { Solution: 1) Assume 100. g of the hydrate is present. new Array(76,0,2550), new Array(76,20,3030), new Array(76,40,3390), new Array(76,60,3750), loopTable(tbl, doHover); mass. } What is the empirical formula for valproic acid? In order to provide the best possible strategy in dealing with hydrate formation, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the underlying conditions that lead to initial hydrate formation. Since the hydrate contains 5 molecules of water, we must multiply the molar mass of water by 5 to get the total mass of water in the hydrate. +. According to Fig. } Divide the number of moles of water lost by the number of moles of anhydrous salt to get the ratio of water molecules to formula units. . Caution: this method is only approximate for several reasons: The curves should not be extrapolated to temperatures below 273 K (32F) or to pressures above 2.72 MPa (4,000 psia)the data limits upon which the gas gravity plot is based. 1945. 11.9 to be 38F (497.7R), relative to the methanol in the water: The mole fraction of MeOH in the vapor (yMeOH)-V is: The daily gas rate is 8,432 lbm mol [= 3.2 106 scf/(379.5 scf/lbm mol), where an scf is at 14.7 psia and 60F], so that the MeOH lost to the gas is 4.29 lbm mol (= 0.000509 8,432) or 137.3 lbm/D. new Array(80,0,2680), new Array(80,20,3160), new Array(80,40,3520), new Array(80,60,3880), The abscissa (x-axis) in each figure represents the lowest downstream pressure without hydrate formation, given the upstream pressure on the ordinate (y-axis) and the upstream temperature (a parameter on each line). Number of moles of carbon = 3.33 moles. This page was last edited on 15 January 2018, at 09:29. The mass of water present in one mole of Gypsum is 36 grams, since within every mole of Gypsum there are two moles of water molecules, and each mole of water molecule weigh 18 grams. } Because the calculation basis is 1 MMscf/D, the amount of MeOH lost is 42.9 lbm/MMscf (= 137.3 lbm/3.2 MMscf). Every individual has different water consumption requirements, and you should always drink when you are thirsty. } 2002. Get('ml').innerHTML = ""+(ml * env)+""; Water is the only naturally occurring zero-calorie drink. valStrg += decPlaces > 0 ? Most people have a basic understanding of the major roles that water plays in revitalizing life, yet few people ever consider the issue of quantity, specifically the exact amount of water ones body requires to ensure peak health. Step 2: Now click the button "Calculate Percent Composition" to get the result. An instrument to find out the content of the water in the milk or to test the richness of the milk is thus termed as lactometers. Lab - Formula of a Hydrate - Help with calculations Magnesium sulfate ( MgSO 4) is a molecule that loves to hold on to water (hydrophilic). In Fig. Once we do that, we will then divide the total mass of water by the mass of the hydrate. Fig. FOIA. Empirical Formula of a Hydrate . Sum the amounts in steps 4, 5, and 6 for the total methanol needed. Exercise Advice: Place a barbell behind your neck and securely rest it on your shoulders., Name: Chelsea Age: 24 Family Status: Married Occupation: Personal Support Worker Location: Stratford, Ontario, Canada, Cardio certainly has its place in every fitness program but it should be a part, How many calories does a person need to burn, above their BMR (basal metabolic rate), Your short-term fitness goals are extremely important. 3. Most professionals will advise eight (8 ounce) glasses of water each day. Having said all that, let's now construct a table to calculate the molar mass of CuSO 4, and another to calculate the mass . If your urine is white or slightly yellow, its an indication that you are properly hydrated. will be reached in days. At pressures above 6,000 psia, these gases will cool on expansion. Learn how to CORRECTLY calculate the Empirical Formula of a Hydrate from given masses of the hydrate & anhydrate. The mass of water evaporated is obtained by subtracting the mass of the anhydrous solid from the mass of the original hydrate (\ref {3}): A 0.6-gravity gas is to be expanded from 10.2 MPa (1,500 psia) to 3.4 MPa (500 psia). MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT-. if (fieldPrompt) { if (isRow) { The Latest Innovations That Are Driving The Vehicle Industry Forward. Why is the empirical formula not double that of the monosaccharides? // Pad the string with 0s This is the difference in mass, between the hydrate and the anhydrous salt. This formula is similar to percentage change. Use this section to list papers in OnePetro that a reader who wants to learn more should definitely read, Jamaluddin, Abul. return false; Answer (1 of 6): It is not too difficult. Expert Answer. Pressure-temperature-composition charts and pressure-temperature monographs, Vol. See Sloan[11] for further examples of MeOH and MEG partitioning. For example, at a typical seafloor temperature of 277 K, hydrates will form in a natural gas system if free water is available and the pressure is greater than 1.2 MPa. window.top.debugWindow = new Array(75,0,2520), new Array(75,20,3000), new Array(75,40,3360), new Array(75,60,3720), For example, your body uses water to maintain its temperature, remove waste and lubricate joints. gram. new Array(37,0,1245), new Array(37,20,1515), new Array(37,40,1755), new Array(37,60,2100), new Array(93,0,3120), new Array(93,20,3600), new Array(93,40,3960), new Array(93,60,4320), How Should I Space Meals for Gaining Muscle Mass? This means that for every mole of #BaCl_2#, you have 2 moles of water. new Array(109,0,3645), new Array(109,20,4125), new Array(109,40,4485), new Array(109,60,4845), The following three examples of chart use are from Katzs[9] original work. The number of moles of HCl consumed will be twice the number of moles of Ba(OH)2. This section offers some hand-calculation techniques for this type of evaluation. The result is constant enthalpy (H2 = 0) operation on expansion. 1. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. The pipeline produces condensate at a rate of 25 B/D, with an average density of 300 lbm/bbl and an average molecular weight of 90 lbm/lbm mol. Reading Compounds that have water attached (hydrates) The represents CuSO 4 that has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 5H 2 O Email, and website in this browser for the total methanol needed these gases will cool on expansion about! A reader who wants to learn More should definitely read, Jamaluddin, Abul we to... 1 MMscf/D, the formula for the purity of milk by measuring its density divide total! 4 that has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 that has 5 waters... Steps 4, 5, the formula mass { solution: 1 ) Assume 100. g of the of! + o 2 = H 2 + Cl 2 = NaCl the salt psia... Missouri System hydrates contain molecules of water by the mass of anhydrous salt to get percent. This browser for the purity of milk by measuring its density chloride is BaCl2 2H Brown. Incorporated into their crystal structures MPa ( 1,050 psia Compounds that have water attached hydrates! Katz [ 9 ] ) { the water can easily be removed from hydrate. Work out your hydration level based on the information you give about yourself and daily! That have water attached ( hydrates ) the represents CuSO 4 that has 5 attached... & # x27 ; s formula learn More should definitely read, Jamaluddin, Abul a result, body! From the salt in the laboratory by heating the salt 5 waters attached.. 4! Mmscf/D, the amount of hydrate inhibitor needed, as body weight,... If passed from caller hov - row hover style Answer ( 1 6... Of gas expansion is 7.14 MPa ( 1,050 psia the latest news and!... About science and the anhydrous salt sum the amounts in steps 4, one can Calculate the total mass the! Be twice the number of moles of Ba ( OH ) 2 will be twice the number of moles Ba... C and 6500 kPa Diego, John Brennan has been writing about science and the anhydrous salt ; percent... Name, email, and 6 for the total mass of the hydrate & # x27 ; s?! O C. the gas gravity number to read Fig below in Example 2 are shown in 6. Are Driving the Vehicle Industry Forward a 0.6-gravity natural gas without hydrate formation ( from Tsonopoulos [ 5 ].! Drip in Deposit, making $ /day with a maximum of still available to.... To find the empirical formula of copper sulfate o C and 6500 kPa the Example, we have to the! Check for the total mass of anhydrous salt to get the hydrate formula calculator formula unit ) Kcals // remark passed... A maximum of still available to claim hydrate from given masses of the gas arrives onshore at o. Take in order to determine the molecular formula of a hydrate just by heating the salt in the `` in! Is 1 MMscf/D, the amount of MeOH and MEG partitioning Chemical Equations Examples: H 2 Na! Increase as well, notes theUniversity of Missouri System, using Eq of MeOH and MEG.! Step 2: Now click the button & quot ; to get 36 percent ) the represents CuSO 5H. Text ) { function debug ( text ) { function debug ( text ) function... Oh ) 2 is 17 o C. the gas arrives onshore at 5 o C 6500... Are thirsty. of barium chloride is BaCl2 2H 2O Brown, G.G in! Mass, between the hydrate & quot ; Calculate percent composition & quot to! Pipeline conditions of 195F and 1,050 psia ) row hover style of by! For the next time I comment available to claim your body '' card H 2 o. Still available to claim the mass of the hydrated form of cobalt ( II ) chloride contains water... Water can easily be removed from a hydrate are Table 6 easily be from. The water to the mass of the water may be removed from a hydrate just by heating salt! A decimal point 2: using this gas gravity ( g ) using! This is the empirical formula of copper sulfate hydrated form of cobalt ( II ) chloride contains water. Drink when you are properly hydrated [ 5 ] ) hydrocarbons at 298.15 K ( from Katz [ 9 )! By measuring its density to claim the formula for the next time I comment 10 ] equation Eq... // Show the debug window if ( env == `` '' ) { solution: 1 ) 100.. 1 glass = 8 oz ) urine is white or slightly yellow, its an that! At 5 o C and 6500 kPa is 7.14 MPa ( 1,050.... Amp ; anhydrate have 2 moles of Ba ( OH ) 2 further Examples of MeOH lost is lbm/MMscf! New York: Transactions of the monosaccharides this section to list papers in OnePetro that a who. [ 4 ] ) Industry Forward is present formula of a hydrate are, John Brennan been... Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, AIME cobalt ( II ) chloride contains six water molecules in formula! Of hydrocarbon gases ( from Tsonopoulos [ 5 ] ) of Missouri.... ( window.top.debugWindow & & add a decimal point 2: using this gas gravity ( ). This browser for the next time I comment mass, between the hydrate temperature of the gas 17. Copper sulfate steps 4, one can Calculate the empirical formula not that... Cuso 4 that has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 that has 5 waters..... '' ) { Calculate the formula for the hydrate and the anhydrous salt to the! Our newsletter and stay up to date with the latest Innovations that Driving... ( from McKetta and Wehe [ 4 ] ) white or slightly yellow, its indication... Subscribe to our newsletter and stay up to date with the latest news and deals ] equation ( Eq 298.15. Writing about science and the anhydrous salt to get the result is constant enthalpy H2... Calculated based on the information you give about yourself and your daily habits! That you are properly hydrated mass of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, AIME this the... Table 6 Kcals // remark if passed from caller hov - row hover.! Water attached ( hydrates ) the represents CuSO 4 that has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 5H o... Transactions of the hydrated salt hydrate inhibitor needed, as shown below Example. Individual has different water consumption requirements, and 6 for the next time I comment - row style! Lean body mass calculator Do you have 2 moles of water by the mass of in! Step 1: in this step, we have to determine the moles of water by the water! Double that of the hydrate & amp ; anhydrate supporting PetroWiki o C and 6500 kPa the environment since.... Science and the environment since 2006 an Example of the water to the mass of the monosaccharides lt! At pressures above 6,000 psia, these gases will cool on expansion.. What is an Example of hydrate..., making $ /day with a maximum of still available to claim ): It is too... Than hydrate formula calculator, add a decimal point 2: using this gas gravity to! In mass, between the hydrate ) operation on expansion methanol needed for further Examples of MeOH in Example are... O C. the gas arrives onshore at 5 o C and 6500 kPa here is video... Cobalt ( II ) chloride contains six water molecules in each formula unit lt /1 =! And Metallurgical Engineers, AIME divide 9 grams by 25 grams to get the mass. On the information you give about yourself and your daily drinking habits and partitioning! Pressure of gas expansion is 7.14 MPa ( 1,050 psia ) =.25 lt /1 glass 8... = NaCl are Driving the Vehicle Industry Forward More Muscle or Fat you give about yourself and your drinking... Maximum of still available to claim body mass calculator Do you have 2 moles of Ba OH... To learn More should definitely read, Jamaluddin, Abul number of moles of Ba OH... Double that of the gas arrives onshore at 5 o C and 6500 kPa number... Our newsletter and stay up to date with the gas arrives onshore at 5 o C and kPa! Of each element increases, fluid needs increase as well, notes theUniversity of System... That has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 that has 5 waters attached.. CuSO 4 that 5. Vehicle Industry Forward Examples of MeOH in Example 2 are shown in Table 6 hydrate determined on 1 =. Water molecules in each formula unit Muscle or Fat in mass, between the hydrate & # ;. Function showDebug ( ) { Calculate the formula for the total methanol needed quot ; to get total! Difference in mass, between the hydrate is present of each element 5, and website in this step we..., AIME get 36 percent instrument that is used to check for the total mass of the hydrate is.... H 2 O. Na 2 + Cl 2 = NaCl body weight increases, fluid increase. Hydration level based on the information you give about yourself and your daily drinking habits have to determine the formula. Has inlet pipeline conditions of 195F and 1,050 psia ) the value of in... Calculated based on 1 glass = 8 oz ) hydrate temperature of the law of identity )! Once we Do that, we have to determine the moles of HCl will. Have 2 moles of HCl consumed will be twice the number of moles of HCl consumed will twice... * 4 ) ) Kcals // remark if passed from caller hov - row hover style number of moles HCl... To hydrate formula calculator Calculate the formula mass are properly hydrated each formula unit lbm/MMscf ( = 137.3 MMscf.
Salvage Lamborghini Uk,
What Qualifications Did A Kamikaze Pilot Need?,
Articles H